![]() ![]() The association’s central office is located in Arlington, Virginia, which has a small cadre of professional staffers. It also provides a forum in which former intelligence professionals can exchange ideas and make their expertise available to the corporate and private sectors. Established in 1975 by retired and former intelligence officers, AFIO is a nonprofit educational organization, promoting understanding of the role of intelligence in American national security and foreign policy. Commonly referred to as the national security advisor, the APNSA advises the president on national security matters and heads the National Security Council (NSC) staff.ĪSSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS (AFIO). Executive Order 12333, which still is in effect, reaffirmed EO 12036’s application. The ban is still in effect, although the USA PATRIOT Act and other legislation passed in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 now allow the president to authorize the assassination of terrorists and other select individuals on a case-by-case basis.ĪSSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (APNSA). President Jimmy Carter’s Executive Order (EO) 12036 extended the ban to the rest of the U. The Hughes-Ryan Amendment of 1974 was the first piece of legislation to ban political assassinations by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which had been implicated in such schemes as Operation Mongoose against Cuba’s Fidel Castro and the overthrow and death of Chilean president Salvador Allende in 1973. See COMMISSION ON THE ROLES AND CAPABILITIES OF THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.ĪSSASSINATIONS. Benedict Arnold’s name has become a euphemism for treason in the United States.ĪSPIN/BROWN COMMISSION. The British, who distrusted Arnold, refused to give him a military commission, and he died in London in 1801 in relative obscurity. Arnold likely was already in the employ of the British by 1779, corresponding with the British commander over the possible capture of West Point in New York. When American forces captured a courier-Major John Andre-with correspondence implicating Arnold, he defected to the British, receiving a substantial reward for his defection in the form of pay, land, and a pension. He did so probably because he felt slighted by his comrades and the Continental Congress over issues of military rank, seniority, and pay. A hero of the Revolutionary War prior to his treason, Benedict Arnold was recruited by his wife, Peggy Shippen, to spy for the British. See NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY.ĪRNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801). Its component parts eventually found their way into the Army Special Operations Command.ĪRMY SECURITY AGENCY (ASA). However, the secrecy surrounding the work of USAISA, as well as the perception that USAISA was not under effective military control, sparked calls to disband the organization, which came about on 1 April 1989. USAISA grew in the decade of the 1980s in personnel, scope of its missions, and the areas of the world where it operated. Over its lifetime, USAISA conducted operations in Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and approximately 10 Latin American countries. It also acquired limited authority to engage in special activities pursuant to a presidential finding that assigned the missions to the Defense Department and specifically tasked the army and USAISA. When the rescue mission did not materialize, USAISA, known as “the activity,” received a formal charter on 5 July 1983 to provide military operational support for the army, other Department of Defense (DOD) components, and non-DOD agencies human intelligence (HUMINT) and signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection in support of the army, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), and DOD contingency and wartime operations and clandestine HUMINT and SIGINT collection in response to high-priority or quick-reaction requirements. Army Intelligence Support Activity was established in 1980 to provide assistance to a possible second mission to rescue the American hostages in Iran. ![]()
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