![]() To be diagnosed, an individual must have at least four of the following symptoms in 12 months: This is due to the symptomatology of the disorder resembling an addiction not dissimilar to that of a substance use disorder. The DSM-V has since reclassified pathological gambling as gambling disorder and has listed the disorder under substance-related and addictive disorders rather than impulse-control disorders. Most other definitions of problem gambling can usually be simplified to any gambling that causes harm to the gambler or someone else in any way however, these definitions are usually coupled with descriptions of the type of harm or the use of diagnostic criteria. Research by governments in Australia led to a universal definition for that country which appears to be the only research-based definition not to use diagnostic criteria: "Problem gambling is characterized by many difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community." The University of Maryland Medical Center defines pathological gambling as "being unable to resist impulses to gamble, which can lead to severe personal or social consequences". A common tendency shared by people who have a gambling addiction is impulsivity. Problem gambling is an addictive behavior with a high comorbidity with alcohol problems. However, data suggest a closer relationship between pathological gambling and substance use disorders than exists between PG and obsessive–compulsive disorder, mainly because the behaviors in problem gambling and most primary substance use disorders (i.e., those not resulting from a desire to " self-medicate" for another condition such as depression) seek to activate the brain's reward mechanisms while the behaviors characterizing obsessive-compulsive disorder are prompted by overactive and misplaced signals from the brain's fear mechanisms. ![]() ![]() Pathological gambling was long considered by the American Psychiatric Association to be an impulse-control disorder rather than an addiction. The term gambling addiction has long been used in the recovery movement. The DSM-5 has re-classified the condition as an addictive disorder, with those affected exhibiting many similarities to those with substance addictions. Pathological gambling is a common disorder associated with social and family costs. Problem gambling may be diagnosed as a mental disorder according to DSM-5 if certain diagnostic criteria are met. Problem gambling or ludomania is repetitive gambling behavior despite harm and negative consequences.
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